1) Doing it.

1) Doing it.

“one of the major deities in the pantheon of the psychometrician. It is universally praised, but the good works done in its name are remarkably few.” (Ebel, 1961, p. 640)

Notes:

Validity is the most fundamental concern in testing. But, as related by Ebel’s quote, it is difficult to gather data on multiple variables, to design the kind of studies that would provide convincing evidence, to refute competing claims or competing interpretations, and to search out both positive and negative evidence to reach a conclusion. However, NAEP is certainly a leader in its efforts to validate inferences arising from its assessments.